Unit 5

Extract Match

About this unit

In the Selective Reading paper, an Extract Match question presents four short extracts — usually personal accounts or descriptions on a shared theme — followed by 8 questions. For each question, you decide which of the four extracts (A, B, C, D) contains the relevant information. Each extract is the correct answer to exactly two of the eight questions.

Unlike comprehension questions (which test one text in depth), Extract Match tests your ability to read across four texts and compare them — noticing what each writer says, feels, or experiences, and how these differ across the extracts.

The questions use a consistent format: "Which extract mentions...?" or "Which writer describes...?" followed by a specific detail, attitude, or event. Some questions have clear, explicit answers (a stated fact); others require inference (understanding what a writer implies without stating it directly). The challenge is always the same: find the one extract where the evidence is the strongest and most precise — not just related, but directly supported.

What types of questions will you face?

  • 1Explicit detail match — a fact, event, or description is stated clearly in one extract and you must find it. The question usually paraphrases the text (using different words for the same meaning), so reading for meaning matters more than looking for exact phrases.
  • 2Attitude and feeling match — you must identify which writer expresses a particular emotion, viewpoint, or reaction. The correct answer is the extract where the evidence is strongest — not just any extract that mentions the topic.
  • 3Inference match — the correct extract implies something without stating it directly. You must read between the lines: a detail, a word choice, or a sequence of events points to the answer even though the answer is never explicitly written.
  • 4Comparison and contrast — some questions ask which writer is different from the others in a specific way, or which writer describes the most extreme, unexpected, or unusual version of a shared theme. These require comparing all four extracts before answering.

Skills you will build

  • First read: skim and annotate — read all four extracts quickly on the first pass. As you read each one, mentally tag it with 2–3 key words (its topic, emotion, and distinguishing detail). This mental map makes the questions much faster to answer.
  • Second read: hunt for evidence — for each question, ask 'Where do I remember seeing something like this?' Go to that extract and find the specific line or phrase. The correct answer must be directly supported by words in the text.
  • Distinguishing between similar extracts — all four extracts share a theme. The challenge is that two or three extracts may seem to answer the same question. The correct answer is the one where the evidence is the most specific and direct.
  • Checking all four before committing — never choose the first extract that seems to fit. Check all four quickly. If another extract fits better, change your answer. Precision matters more than speed.

By the end of this unit, you will be able to

  • Read four short extracts on a shared theme and retain a distinguishing detail from each before attempting the questions.
  • Match specific questions to the correct extract using both explicit and implicit evidence from the text.
  • Distinguish between extracts that share a theme by identifying which one has the most precise and direct evidence for each question.
  • Work efficiently across four texts without spending more than 45–60 seconds on any single question.

Difficulty profile

Extract Match is one of the most time-pressured question types in Selective Reading. Four extracts must all be read before the questions can be answered well, and with 8 questions to complete, students who spend too long on early questions often run out of time. The hardest questions are those where two extracts both seem to answer the same prompt — the correct answer is always the one with the stronger, more direct evidence. Students who annotate as they read (mentally or on paper) consistently outperform those who try to hold all four texts in memory.

Exam tip: Extract Match

Step 1: Read all four extracts before attempting any question

Read extracts A, B, C, and D in order before you look at the questions. As you read each extract, mentally tag it with 2–3 keywords: the main topic, the dominant emotion, and one specific detail that stands out. This mental map will allow you to answer most questions without re-reading the full extracts.

Step 2: Annotate as you read

If you have a pencil, make a small mark beside any sentence that seems distinctive or unusual — a specific number, an emotion, a person mentioned, an unusual action. These marked sentences are likely to be answers to questions.

Step 3: For each question, hunt for the most direct evidence

Read each question carefully, then ask: "Which extract has the clearest, most specific evidence for this?" Go to the extract you think is correct and find the sentence or phrase that supports your answer. The correct answer must be grounded in the text — not just thematically related.

Step 4: When two extracts both seem to fit

This is the most common difficulty in Extract Match. Two extracts may both touch on the same idea, but the question asks for the extract where the evidence is the most direct and specific:

  • One extract may mention something briefly; the other may focus on it — choose the one that focuses.
  • One extract may imply something; the other may state it explicitly — choose the one that states it.
  • One extract may describe something in general; the other may give a specific example — choose the specific one.

Step 5: Remember that each extract answers exactly two questions

If you have already matched three questions to Extract A, you have made an error somewhere. Each extract answers exactly two. Use this as a self-check: if any extract is answering zero or three or more questions, go back and review your matches.

Time target: aim for 1–2 minutes to read all four extracts, then 30–45 seconds per question. With 8 questions, the whole section should take 6–8 minutes.

Sample Questions

Read the extract below, then answer the questions.

Extract A

The first loaf I baked came out of the oven looking like a grey brick. My grandmother, who had been baking her own bread since she was eight years old, inspected it without saying a word, then pressed it gently with one finger. "Dense," she said. "Too much flour and not enough time." She was not unkind about it — just precise. She baked alongside me every Saturday morning for the next two months, showing me how to test whether the yeast was alive, how to feel when the dough had been kneaded enough, and how to tell by the smell when the oven was at the right temperature. The measuring was only the beginning of it. The real skill was in reading the dough — understanding what it was telling you through its texture and weight. By October, my loaves had a proper crust and an open crumb. I gave the first successful one to my grandfather, who ate two slices standing at the kitchen bench without sitting down. That, my grandmother told me, was the best review I would ever get.


Extract B

The violin teacher gave me fair warning on the first lesson. "Your fingertips will hurt for about three weeks," she said, pressing her own calloused left hand flat on the desk so I could see. "After that, you won't notice anymore." She was right about the pain and right about the timetable, though knowing this did not make the first fortnight any easier. I practised scales in my bedroom for twenty minutes every evening, gritting my teeth and pressing down harder when the notes came out thin and scratchy. My family was very patient. The breakthrough came on a Tuesday in March, when I played the opening eight bars of the piece I had been learning for six weeks without a single mistake. I played them again. Then again. By the time my teacher came the following Saturday, I could play the whole first page. She asked me to play it in front of her parents, who were visiting. Standing in her kitchen and playing for a small audience for the first time, I realised that the months of practice had been building to exactly that moment.


Extract C

The first year I had my own garden bed, I planted everything at the wrong time. Tomatoes went in during a cold snap, seedlings were started too late, and a whole row of lettuces bolted to seed before I had picked a single leaf. A gardener I knew at the community plot told me not to be discouraged. "The garden teaches you through failure," she said. "You can read about it, but until the slugs eat your silverbeet and you plant again anyway, you don't really know it." The second year was better. I learned to watch the soil temperature instead of the calendar, to notice which corner of the bed held water longest, and to check the undersides of leaves for pests on rainy mornings when they were most active. There is a particular satisfaction in planting seeds in autumn that you will not eat until spring — a kind of faith that the season will do what it has always done. Standing at the bed in a light drizzle with muddy boots and a punnet of seedlings in each hand, I felt completely at home.


Extract D

I came to bicycle repair by accident. The chain came off my commuter bike on the way to work, and the repair shop was closed. A neighbour — a retired engineer who kept a workshop at the back of his house — offered to help. That afternoon became an education. He showed me how to read a bike's problems by looking, listening, and feeling vibrations through the handlebars. He had a laminated repair guide on the wall, but he rarely consulted it. "The guide tells you the theory," he said, adjusting a brake cable with a small screwdriver. "After a while the bike tells you the practice." I started borrowing tools from him on weekends to work on my own bike, then on a second-hand one I bought at a market. Within a year, I had fixed bicycles for most of the households on our street. Some I did for free; others paid me in food or plant cuttings. I still have the laminated guide on my own wall, but I have not looked at it in months. The bikes tell me what they need.

Question 1Easy

Which extract mentions that learning was guided by an older family member?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

Decided on your answer? Check how you went below.

Question 2Easy

Which extract describes physical discomfort as an unavoidable part of the learning process?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

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Question 3Easy

Which extract shows that the writer was told to expect failure as a normal part of learning?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

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Question 4Easy

Which extract involves using tools to fix or repair something?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

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Question 5Intermediate

Which extract describes the writer's first serious attempt not working as expected?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

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Question 6Easy

Which extract includes a moment of performing or demonstrating the skill in front of an audience?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

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Question 7Intermediate

Which extract shows the writer using their new skill to benefit others in their community?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

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Question 8Intermediate

Which extract describes working or practising outdoors in unfavourable weather conditions?

  1. AExtract A
  2. BExtract B
  3. CExtract C
  4. DExtract D

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