Thinking Skills
Three billiard balls in a line are each solid red or solid yellow. The first ball struck is red. It hits the …
Question 1 · Multiple choice
Question
Three billiard balls in a line are each solid red or solid yellow. The first ball struck is red. It hits the middle ball; the middle ball then hits the last ball, which is yellow.
Options
Which statement must be true?
- A.Exactly one ball is red.
- B.A red ball directly hits a yellow ball at some point in the chain.
- C.A yellow ball directly hits a red ball.
- D.Exactly one ball is yellow.
Correct answer
Explanation
The setup: Three balls in a row. Ball 1 is red. Ball 1 hits Ball 2 (middle). Ball 2 hits Ball 3, which is yellow.
Think about both possible colours for the middle ball.
Case 1: Middle ball is yellow. Ball 1 (red) strikes Ball 2 (yellow) — a red ball directly hits a yellow ball. ✓
Case 2: Middle ball is red. Ball 2 (red) strikes Ball 3 (yellow) — a red ball directly hits a yellow ball. ✓
In both possible cases, a red ball directly hits a yellow ball somewhere in the chain. So option B is always true.
Check the other options to confirm they are not always true.
- A: "Exactly one ball is red." In Case 2, balls 1 and 2 are both red — two red balls. Not always true. ✗
- C: "A yellow ball directly hits a red ball." In Case 2, ball 3 (yellow) is the last ball and hits nothing. Not always true. ✗
- D: "Exactly one ball is yellow." In Case 1, balls 2 and 3 are both yellow — two yellow balls. Not always true. ✗
Option B is the one that must always be true.